Ibyuma binini binini bizwiho kuba byizewe mu nganda zisanzwe, ariko ubuhanga bugezweho bukunze gusaba byinshi. Kuva kuri tundra ikonje kugeza mu itanura, kuva ku bwogero bwa shimi kugeza ku kintu cyuzuyemo umwuka, ibikoresho bigomba gukora mu buryo butuma ibice birenga urugero. Ibi bitera ikibazo gikomeye: ese ibyuma binini binini binini binini binini bishobora kwihanganira ibintu nk'ibi, kandi byakozwe bite kugira ngo bikore?
Uburyo bw'Inzitizi: Birenze Imiterere Isanzwe y'Imikorere
Ibidukikije bikabije bitera ibitero bidasanzwe ku busugire bw'umubiri:
Ubushyuhe bukabije:Ubushyuhe butari munsi ya zeru butuma amavuta abyimba kandi agacikamo ibice, mu gihe ubushyuhe bwinshi bugabanya amavuta, bugatuma ibyuma birushaho koroha, kandi bigatera ubushyuhe kwiyongera.
Kwangirika n'imiti:Guhura n'amazi, aside, alkali, cyangwa ibintu bishobora kwangiza icyuma gisanzwe gikoresha amashanyarazi vuba cyane.
Kwanduza: Ibintu byoroshye byo gukurura (umukungugu, umwobo), uduce dutwara amazi, cyangwa ibikoresho bifite imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi bishobora kwinjira, bigatera kwangirika vuba no kwangirika kw'amashanyarazi.
Ibyumba byo gusukuramo umwuka mwinshi cyangwa ibyumba byo kwisukura:Amavuta ashobora gusohora gazi, akanduza ibidukikije, mu gihe amavuta asanzwe adakora.
Ibisubizo by'Ubwubatsi: Guhindura Ibyuma Bisanzwe
Kugira ngo hakemurwe ibi bibazo, imiterere isanzwe y'umupira w'amaguru uhinduka binyuze mu bikoresho byihariye, uburyo bwo kuvura, n'imiterere.
1. Gutsinda ubushyuhe bukabije
Ibyuma bipima ubushyuhe bwinshi: Koresha ibyuma bipima ubushyuhe (nk'ibyuma by'ibikoresho), amavuta yakozwe mu buryo bwihariye apima ubushyuhe bwinshi (silicone, perfluoropolyether), n'udukingirizo twakozwe mu byuma bitwikiriwe n'ifeza cyangwa polimeri zipima ubushyuhe bwinshi (polyimide). Ibi bishobora gukora buri gihe ku bushyuhe burenga 350°C.
Ibyuma bipima ubushyuhe: Byagenewe ipompo za gaze zikozwe mu mazi n'ibikoresho byo mu kirere. Bikoresha ibikoresho bigumana ubukomere ku bushyuhe buri hasi cyane (urugero: ibyuma byihariye bitarangirika), amavuta yihariye nka molybdenum disulfide cyangwa ibinyabutabire bishingiye kuri PTFE, hamwe n'isuku y'imbere kugira ngo hamenyekane ko ibikoresho bigabanuka cyane.
2. Kurwanya ingese n'imiti
Ibyuma bitagira umugese: Uburinzi bw'ibanze. Ibyuma bitagira umugese bya Martensitic 440C bitanga ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese no gukomera. Ku bidukikije bikomeye (ibiribwa, imiti, amazi yo mu mazi), hakoreshwa utubumbe twa AISI 316 dukozwe mu byuma bitagira umugese cyangwa se dukozwe mu bumba (silicon nitride) tudahura n'ingese cyane.
Uburyo bwihariye bwo gusiga no kuvura: Ubuso bushobora gusigwa na okiside y'umukara, zinc-nickel, cyangwa polymer zakozwe nka Xylan® kugira ngo habeho uruzitiro rudakora ku bintu byangiza.
3. Gufunga kugira ngo bitanduzanya
Mu bidukikije byanduye cyane cyangwa bitose, uburyo bwo gufunga ni bwo buryo bwa mbere bwo kwirinda. Ibi birenga imitako isanzwe ya rubber.
Uburyo bwo Gufunga Ibiremereye: Hakoreshwa utudomo duto tw’iminwa itatu, twakozwe mu bintu birwanya imiti nka FKM (Viton®). Ku bidukikije bikaze cyane, utudomo duto tw’iminwa duhujwe n’uburyo bwo gusohora amavuta dushobora kugaragazwa kugira ngo habeho uruzitiro rudashobora kwinjiramo.
4. Gukorera mu bidukikije byihariye
Ibyuma bisukura umwuka n'ibikoresho byo gusukura: Koresha ibyuma bisukura umwuka n'amavuta yihariye yumye (urugero: ifeza, zahabu, cyangwa MoS2 coatings) cyangwa byagenewe gukoresha ibikoresho bidafite amavuta mu ibumba kugira ngo hirindwe ko umwuka usohoka.
Ibyuma Bidakoresha Magnetike: Bikenewe mu mashini za MRI n'ibikoresho by'ubuhanga. Ibi bikorwa mu byuma bitagira umugese bya austenitic (AISI 304) cyangwa ibya keramike, bigatuma nta mvururu zibangamira magnetic zibaho.
Icyerekezo cy'Ikoreshwa: Aho Ibyuma Bikomeye Bigaragaza Agaciro kabyo
Gutunganya Ibiryo n'Ibinyobwa: Ibyuma 316 by'icyuma kidashonga bifite amavuta yemewe na FDA bihangana n'amazi yo gusukura amazi buri munsi hakoreshejwe imashini zisukura amazi.
Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro n'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro: Ibyuma bifite imitako ikomeye cyane n'udupira twa tungsten carbide biguma mu ipompo z'amazi n'ibikoresho by'ubucukuzi byuzuyemo ibyondo bikurura.
Actuators zo mu kirere: Ibyuma byoroheje kandi bihuza n'umwuka bitanga imikorere myiza mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bukabije n'ihindagurika ry'umuvuduko w'indege.
Umwanzuro: Ifarashi Ishobora Guhinduka
Uburyo bwo gushushanya umupira w’umuyoboro w’amazi uteye imbere bugaragaza ko igishushanyo mbonera cy’ingenzi gishobora guhindurwa kugira ngo gitere imbere hafi ya hose. Mu guhitamo ibikoresho, amavuta, ibifunga, no kuvura ubushyuhe, injeniyeri zishobora kugaragaza uburyo bwo gushushanya umupira w’amazi uteye imbere butakiri ikintu gisanzwe gusa, ahubwo ari igisubizo cyakozwe mu buryo bwihariye kugira ngo umuntu akomeze kubaho. Uku guhuza ibintu n’uburyo bihinduka bituma nubwo haba hari imimerere mibi cyane ku isi, amahame yo kuzenguruka neza kandi yizewe ashobora kuramba. Kugaragaza uburyo bwiza bwo gushushanya ibidukikije birebire si ikiguzi cy’inyongera—ni ishoramari mu gihe cyo gukora no gutsinda mu butumwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza 16-2025